Avaliação das fibras colágenas de feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratadas com diferentes fontes de plasma rico em plaquetas / Evaluation of collagen in dermal wounds of rabbits treated with different sources of platelet-rich plasma

Para comparar a regeneração tecidual de feridas dérmicas em coelhos tratados e não tratados, de forma seriada, com diferentes fontes de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) gel, biópsias dérmicas foram feitas na região dorsal, com auxílio de um punch de 8mm, em que o lado direito foi tratado com NaCl 0,9%® e o lado esquerdo recebeu aplicação de diferentes fontes de PRPs (autóloga, heteróloga e homóloga), nos dias zero, três, sete, 10, 14, tendo sido acompanhadas durante 17 dias. Ao final do 17º dia, foi realizada avaliação histopatológica das feridas. Do total de 24 animais, seis coelhos (três machos e três fêmeas) foram utilizados somente como doadores para obtenção do PRP homólogo gel. Um cão adulto, saudável, foi utilizado como doador durante o experimento para o preparo do PRP gel do grupo heterólogo. As médias das fibras dos grupos autólogo e homólogo foram muito semelhantes (75,0±13,7 e 73,1±10,2, respectivamente), quando comparadas às médias obtidas no grupo controle (71,5±10,8). Já as fibras colágenas do grupo heterólogo foram inferiores (P<0,05) às dos demais grupos (59,4±11,3). Conclui-se que a fonte heteróloga produz fibras colágenas menos organizadas e menos homogêneas, sendo o último recurso a ser utilizado para promover uma cicatrização de boa qualidade.(AU)

In order to compare the tissue regeneration of dermal wounds in treated and untreated rabbits serially with different sources of platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel, dermal biopsies were made in the dorsal region with the aid of an 8mm punch. The right side was treated with 0.9% NaCl and, on the left side, the different sources of PRPs (autologous, heterologous and homologous) on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 were applied and monitored for 17 days. At the end of the 17th day, histopathological evaluation of the wounds was performed. From the total of 24 animals, six rabbits (3 males and 3 females) were used only as donors to obtain the homologous PRP gel. A healthy, adult dog was used as a donor during the experiment to prepare the PRP gel from the heterologous group. The mean values of the fibers of the autologous and homologous groups were very similar (75.0±13.7 and 73.1±10.2, respectively), when compared to the means obtained in the control group (71.5±10.8). The collagen fibers of the heterologous group were inferior (P<0.05) to the other groups (59.4±11.3). It is concluded that the heterologous source produces less organized and homogeneous collagen fibers and should be the last resource to be used in order to promote good quality healing.(AU)

Comparison of experimentally-induced wounds in rabbits treated with different sources of platelet-rich plasma.

Over the years, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to great advantage in the healing of acute and chronic wounds. However, it is impossible to use in some situations so alternative PRPs need to be considered, such as homologous or heterologous PRPs. In order to evaluate the effects of PRP in the form of autologous, heterologous and homologous gels on in vivo cutaneous wound healing, 18 animals divided into three groups of six, were used for the study, with another six animals used as PRP donors. For the heterologous group an adult, mixed breed dog was used to obtain the PRP. The wounds were induced using an 8 mm punch. The left side was treated with NaCl 0.9%® (A) and a PRP gel was applied (GA = autologous; GHE = heterologous and GHO = homologous) on the right side (B). The wounds were evaluated for a period of 17 days. On the 17th day biopsies were taken for histopathological assessment of the wounds. The percentage of contraction was evident in side B (treated), which was confirmed in the microscopic analysis of the histological sections. Thus, it was concluded that PRP, regardless of the source, improves and accelerates the healing process, demonstrating its therapeutic potential on cutaneous lesions and its use in patients with impaired wound healing.

Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cavalos Puro Sangue Lusitano submetidos a exercício físico / Computerized electrocardiography in Lusitano horses submitted to exercise

Foram estudados 24 cavalos atletas hígidos, machos, adultos, da raça Puro Sangue Lusitano, submetidos a esforço físico de trote e galope de rotina do animal, com o objetivo de avaliar a configuração do traçado do eletrocardiograma (ECG) em repouso, mediante eletrocardiografia computadorizada, bem como os efeitos do exercício físico sobre os parâmetros clínicos e eletrocardiográficos destes animais. Foram avaliados exame físico e ritmo cardíaco antes e imediatamente após o exercício físico, assim como as distintas configurações de ondas p e complexos QRS, obtidas ao ECG de repouso. Após o treinamento, ocorreram taquicardia e taquipneia. O ritmo predominante no repouso foi o sinusal e, após o exercício, a taquicardia sinusal. Na morfologia das ondas, encontraram-se quatro configurações distintas para a onda p, e seis para o complexo QRS. Dentre as arritmias cardíacas em repouso, houve uma ocorrência de bloqueio atrioventricular de segundo grau, que desapareceu após exercício. Conclui-se que o traçado do ECG computadorizado de cavalos atletas Puro Sangue Lusitano revela distintas morfologias de ondas p e complexos QRS e baixa ocorrência de arritmias.

In order to assess the configuration of the electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest obtained through computerized electrocardiography and the effects of exercise on clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, 24 healthy male Pure-bred adult Lusitano horses submitted to daily trot and gallop training were studied. Physical evaluation and cardiac rhythm were evaluated before and immediately after exercise, as well the different p waves and QRS complexes, obtained from rest ECG. Tachycardia and tachypnea were observed after training. The predominant rest rhythm was sinus rhythm and, after exercise, sinus tachycardia. In the wave morphology, four distinct configurations were found for the p wave, and six different settings for the QRS complex. Second degree atrioventricular block was observed once during rest, and it disappeared after exercise. In conclusion, computerized ECG in Pure-bred Lusitano horses reveals distinct morphologies of p waves and QRS complexes, and cardiac arrhythmias were rare.

Fenoterol e salbutamol via inalatória em cães: aspectos clínico, hemogasométrico e eletrocardiográfico / Fenoterol and salbutamol inhalation in dogs: clinical, haemogasometric and electrocardiographic aspects

Avaliaram-se, por meio de exame clínico, hemogasométrico e eletrocardiográfico, os efeitos do salbutamol e do fenoterol, administrados por via inalatória em cães. Doze cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos: os do grupo FE receberam fenoterol na dose de 2 gotas/5kg de peso vivo, diluídas em solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9 por cento por aparelho de inalação, e os do grupo SA receberam salbutamol pelo dosador de aerossol, na dose de 100mg. Foram avaliados: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma antes e após 30min, duas horas e seis horas do uso dos fármacos. Discreta estimulação cardíaca ocorreu nos animais do grupo SA duas horas após sua administração em relação ao momento-controle, e tremores foram predominantes nestes animais. Diminuição da PAS e aumento da FR foram observados nos dois grupos, e não houve alteração significativa da onda T, da hemogasometria e do eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos. O fenoterol provocou menor estimulação cardíaca e menos tremores comparado ao salbutamol, foi mais seguro e houve maior facilidade, menor custo e menor gasto de tempo na administração do salbutamol por inalador dosimetrado em relação ao fenoterol por nebulização.

Through physical examination, blood gas and the electrocardiographic effects of salbutamol and fenoterol, administered by inhalation in dogs was assessed. Twelve dogs were distributed into two groups: EF group animals received a fenoterol dose of 2 drops/5kg bodyweight, diluted in sodium chloride 0.9 percent inhalation device and animals in the SA group received salbutamol through aerosol feeder at a dose of 100µg. Rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood gas and electrocardiogram before and after 30min., 2h and 6 h after drug were evaluated. Mild cardiac stimulation occurred in SA group animals 2 hours after its administration compared to the control group, and tremors were predominant in these animals. A decrease in SBP and an increase in RR were observed in both animal groups and no significant alteration of the T wave in the electrocardiogram and blood gas analysis in both groups were observed. The fenoterol caused less cardiac pacing and shivering compared to salbutamol, which was more secure. However, there was more ease, lower cost and less time spent in the administration of salbutamol administered through metered-dose inhaler compared to fenoterol nebulization.

Anestesia epidural com lidocaína isolada e associada ao fentanil para realização de ováriossalpingo-histerectomia em cadelas / Epidural anesthesia with lidocaine and its combination with fentanyl for ovaryhysterectomy in dogs

Investigou-se o efeito da lidocaína isolada ou associada ao fentanil na anestesia epidural, para realização de ováriossalpingo-histerectomia. Dezoito cadelas foram tranqüilizadas com acepromazina, seguindo-se indução anestésica com propofol, para a realização da punção lombossacra. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: o grupo GL recebeu lidocaína (8,5mg/kg) e o GLF fentanil (5µg/kg) associado à lidocaína (6,5mg/kg). Mensuraram-se as freqüências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (FR), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), variáveis hemogasométricas, concentração sérica de cortisol, necessidade de complementação anestésica com propofol durante a cirurgia, temperatura retal (T), período de latência e duração do bloqueio anestésico. Foi observada redução na FC, FR e PAS no GL e GLF, porém esses parâmetros mantiveram-se dentro dos limites fisiológicos. Para ambos os grupos, a concentração sérica de cortisol manteve-se estável após a cirurgia. Complementação anestésica foi necessária em 40 por cento e 75 por cento dos animais do GLF e GL, respectivamente. Conclui-se que ambos os protocolos foram suficientes para inibir a elevação sérica do cortisol, e resultaram em alterações mínimas cardiorrespiratórias, e que a complementação anestésica foi necessária.

The effects of lidocaine or lidocaine associated with fentanyl for epidural anesthesia in dogs were studied. Eighteen adult healthy bitches were sedated with acepromazine, with subsequent propofol anesthetic induction for the accomplishment of lumbosacral puncture. The animals were alloted in two groups and received: 8.5mg/kg lidocaine (GL group) or 5µg/kg fentanyl associated with 6.5mg/kg (GLF group). Heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial blood pressure, blood gas variables, plasmatic concentration of cortisol, need of complementary doses of propofol for surgery, rectal temperature, and onset and duration of anesthesic block were measured. Mild alterations in the cardiorespiratory, blood gas variables and plasmatic concentration of cortisol were observed after the epidural anesthesia in both groups. There was no statistical significance in the onset and duration of anesthesic block. Complementary doses of propofol were necessary in 40 percent and 75 percent of the dogs in GLF and GL, respectively. The anesthesic protocols inhibited the elevation of the plasmatic concentration of cortisol, causing minimal cardiopulmonary alterations in the animals. Besides, the addition of fentanyl showed best results compared to the local anesthesic isolatedly.

Effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats

This work studied the effects of experimental amitraz intoxication in cats. Sixteen cats were randomly divided equally into two groups: amitraz group - animals received 1.5 percent amitraz at 1mg/kg IV; and the control group - animals without amitraz. Physiological parameters from blood, cardiorespiratory system, and sedation indicators were quantified over time up to 360 minutes. Blood profile, urea, creatinine, alananine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by amitraz. Sedation, loss of reflexes, hypothermia, bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, bradypnea, mydriasis, besides transitory hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and decrease of cortisol levels were observed in cats experimentally exposed to amitraz. The alpha2-adrenergic effects induced by amitraz intoxication in cats are very similar to the same effects reported in others species, contributing with more information about this type of intoxication to veterinary toxicology

Este trabalho estudou os efeitos da intoxicação experimental por amitraz em 16 gatos, distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos: grupo amitraz - animais receberam amitraz a 1,5 por cento na dose de 1,0 mg/kg IV; e grupo controle - animais sem amitraz. Parâmetros fisiológicos sangüíneos, do sistema cardiorespiratório e de sedação foram aferidos até 360min. Perfil sangüíneo, uréia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase e aspartato aminotransferase não foram afetados pelo amitraz. Sedação, perda de reflexos, hipotermia, bradicardia, bradiarritmias, hipotensão, bradipnéia, midríase, além de transitória hiperglicemia, hipoinsulinemia e diminuição dos níveis de cortisol, foram observados nos gatos experimentalmente expostos ao amitraz. Os efeitos alfa 2-adrenérgicos induzidos pela intoxicação por amitraz em gatos são muito similares aos mesmos efeitos relatados em outras espécies, contribuindo com mais informações dessa intoxicação para a toxicologia veterinária

Experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in dogs treated with antiophidic serum - part I: clinical evaluation, hematology and myelogram

The present study aimed at evaluating clinical and laboratory aspects during experimental envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus in dogs treated with antiophidic serum. Twenty-one dogs were divided into three groups of seven animals each. Group I received 1mg/kg venom (sc); Group II received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9 percent NaCl solution (iv); and Group III received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv), and fluid therapy including 0.9 percent NaCl solution containing sodium bicarbonate diluted to the dose of 4mEq/kg. The clinical signs of ataxia, sedation, flaccid paralysis, mydriasis, eyeball paralysis, mandible ptosis, sialorrhea, vomiting and diarrhea observed in the dogs were very similar to those observed in humans. The decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, platelet and fibrinogen levels, prolongation of clotting time, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), as well as hypocellularity in the bone marrow characterized anemia, thrombocytopenia and blood incoagulability, as well as hypofibrinogenemia and decreased bone-marrow activity. Important bleeding was not observed. Increased numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils and decreased numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils characterized an acute inflammatory response and stress caused by generalized pain. The employed antiophidic serum was effective and all animals survived.

Experimental envenomation with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom in dogs treated with antiophidic serum - part II: laboratory aspects, electrocardiogram and histopathology

The present work shows laboratory aspects, electrocardiogram and histopathology results during experimental envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus in dogs treated with antiophidic serum. Twenty-one dogs were divided into three groups of seven animals each. Group I received 1mg/kg venom (sc); Group II received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv) and fluid therapy including 0.9 percent NaCl solution (iv); and Group III received 1mg/kg venom (sc), 50mg antiophidic serum (iv) and fluid therapy including 0.9 percent NaCl solution containing sodium bicarbonate diluted to the dose of 4mEq/kg. Urinalysis showed brown urine, proteinuria, occult blood and myoglobinuria. Respiratory acidosis and hypotension were also observed. At the venom inoculation site, there was discreet edema, popliteal lymph node response, musculature presenting whitish areas and necrotic myositis with myoregenerative activity. There was not evidence of electrocardiographical and biochemical alterations.